As I've said before, I don't talk backspacing because it's dependent on wheel width and it gets confusing. As far as I know the diameter of the tire really doesn't matter that much but I don't know where the rubbing actually occurs with the C4 suspension. I think it would hit first near the top back of the tire opposite the turn. For example, if turning at full left lock, the rubbing would occur on the right tire behind the tire center at the top of the wheel opening. Custer55 once said it was at the top of the fender opening. One would expect that a taller tire would rub sooner. We know that a 55 has a taller fender opening than a 56 or 57.
Custer55 says he's running a 275/40-17 tire at 25.7" diameter on a 17x9.5 wheel with 56mm offset. He says he's experienced no rubbing issues with his 3" front suspension drop which is kind of a surprise to me, but he also says it's close. His tires would theoretically be 68.39" wide outside which is wider than I typically recommend. However, my recommendation of 67.5" max width is based on years of empirical data from tri5 owners using stock suspensions and steering. The C4 rack steering angle is less than stock, and the wheel rotates differently due to the high SAI, at least on the late C4 suspension.
My 56 Nomad has 245/45-17 front tires (25.7" theoretical diameter) mounted on 17x8.5 wheels with 50mm offset and the tires don't rub anywhere at full lock at full suspension compression with a 3" suspension drop. I don't know for sure how much margin I have at the fender but it's not much. I have around 3/4" clearance to the frame at full lock as well. The outside of the tires are at about 67.75" (theoretically at 67.66"). So if I was to go with a wider tire on my car, I'd go with more offset to keep the tires under 68" which seems like about the limit with the late C4 suspension based on my car and Custer55's car. I would put the additional width to the inboard side. With a taller tire, I think I'd keep that width on the low end.
So the anectodotal evidence says to stay under 68" wide but I still think that's pushing it. I also think the tire could be wider than my 245s but I don't know if 275s would fit on my car. I have a set of stock C4 wheels and tires in the shop now so maybe I should try it.
Let's assume the 275 fits as it did on Custer55s. I believe he's pushing the limits on both sides with the 56mm offset so that's what I'd use. On a 9.5" wheel that would be 7.45" backspacing. I think it might require a thin spacer in the rear to clear the dogbones, and Custer 55 said he used a 3/16" spacer.
I thought you had a late C4 Corvette. Why don't you put the wheels and tires on your 55 and see where they are as far as fitment, and go from there?